WEDNESDAY, June 24 (HealthDay News) -- Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid in the very early stages of the disease, a Swedish study suggests.

University of Gothenburg researchers analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 168 patients and found the typical pattern of biomarkers known as the "CSF AD profile" present in patients with mild memory problems, which is earlier than the illness could be detected by current tests.

"The earlier we can catch Alzheimer's disease, the more we can do for the patient," researcher Kaj Blennow said in a university news release. "The patients who had the typical changes in biomarker profile of the cerebrospinal fluid had a risk of deterioration that was 27 times higher than the control group. We could also see that all patients with mild cognitive impairment who deteriorated and developed Alzheimer's disease had these changes in the biomarker profile of their cerebrospinal fluid."

The study also found a relationship between the CFS AD profile and other typical signs of Alzheimer's, including the presence of the gene APOE e4 and deterioration of the area of the brain that controls memory.

Their discovery will have major significance "if the new type of pharmaceutical that can directly slow the progression of the disease proves to have a clinical effect," Blennow said. "It is important in this case to start treatment before the changes in the brain have become too severe," he added.

The study, which included patients from seven European countries, appears in the current issue of Lancet Neurology.

More information

The U.S. National Institute on Aging has more about the stages and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

MONDAY, June 22 (HealthDay News) -- Older people who don't socialize much might be increasing their risk for declining motor function and hastening their death, researchers from Rush University Medical Center report.

On the positive side, sociable seniors who keep active physically and mentally tend to stave off the decline in physical ability often associated with aging, the scientists added.

"A broader range of activities in elders, including physical, social and cognitive activities, may slow the rate of age-related decline," said lead researcher Dr. Aron S. Buchman, an associate professor in the department of neurological sciences.

"Less frequent participation in social activity was associated with a more rapid rate of motor decline," he added.

The report is published in the June 22 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

For the study, Buchman and colleagues collected data on 906 older adults who took part in the Rush Memory and Aging Project from 1997 to 2008. Over almost five years, the researchers measured various motor functions, including participants' grip and pinch strength; the ability to stand on one leg and on their toes; whether they could walk in line in a heel-to-toe manner; how quickly they could put pegs on a board, and their rate of index-finger tapping in a 10-second period.

Participants were also asked about social activities, such as eating out, volunteering, visiting with friends or relatives and attending religious services. The frequency of these activities was rated on a five-point scale.

Infrequent social activities were associated with a more rapid rate of decline in motor function. For every point decrease in social activity, the researchers noted a 33-percent faster rate of decline in motor function.

A one-point decrease in social activity was the same as being about five years older at the start of the study, they found. This decline in motor function was also linked with a more than 40-percent increased risk of dying and a 65-percent increased risk of developing disability, Buchman said.

"Social engagement may slow the rate of age-related motor decline," Buchman said.

The association between socialization and decline in motor function remained even after taking into account factors such as late-life physical and cognitive activity, disability, global cognition depressive symptoms, body composition and chronic medical conditions, the researchers noted.

Experts on aging weren't surprised by the findings. Colin Milner, CEO of the International Council on Active Aging in Vancouver, has seen this phenomenon in his own father.

"Inherently we know that being social is important in life and good, but a lot of times we don't relate it to physical health, " Milner said.

"My dad is 77, he doesn't get out, he just sits around all day," Milner said. "He retired two years ago and probably lost his purpose for life. He has just literally declined and aged in front of me, and now looks as old as my grandfather does at 98."

Before he retired, Milner's father was socially engaged. "He was vibrant, now his skin color has changed, just everything has changed," Milner said.

The factors that contribute to the decline are physical and psychological, Milner said.

"We are social beings," Milner said. "If you are socially engaged, you are out and about and getting some movement. Friends are good, being involved in social activities is good. If you are engaged in life, you are engaged in all the things that keep you healthy."

More information

For more information on healthy aging, visit the U.S. National Institutes of Health .

FRIDAY, June 19 (HealthDay News) -- A warm, welcoming environment where residents are free to make choices regarding their care: That's the new vision of the ideal nursing home, according to a guidance issued Friday by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).

The directives in the CMS guidance aim to "transform nursing homes into environments that are more like [residents'] homes through both environmental changes and resident-centered caregiving," CMS Acting Administrator Charlene Frizzera said in an agency news release.

The guidance will serve as a kind of outline that CMS nursing home inspectors can use to make sure a particular facility is reaching federal regulations on good quality care, the agency said. The guidance went into effect June 12.

Included in the new proposals:

• A call to "de-institutionalize" the nursing home's physical environment by doing away with things such as meals served on "institutional" trays, blaring noise from overhead paging speakers, and large nursing stations.
• Efforts to individualize and personalize care, stressing the importance of personal one-on-one relationships between residents and staff, and a warm, welcoming environment.
• Giving residents real choice over daily routines, including the scheduling of waking, bathing, mealtimes and bedtimes.

Almost 1.5 million Americans now live in an estimated 15,800 nursing homes spread throughout the country, CMS noted, and more than 3 million will spend at least some time in a nursing home this year.

"Many facilities cannot immediately make these types of changes, but it should be a goal for all facilities that have not yet made these types of changes to work toward them," the guidance reads.

More information

You can download the full guidance here.